Clinical considerations of emergent oral manifestations during pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a special period for developing and treating oral diseases. Oral emergencies during pregnancy need to be handled appropriately. Changes in the physiological environments and personal habits of pregnant women increase susceptibility to some oral diseases. However, clinical treatment strategies are limited due to the need to ensure the safety of pregnant women and fetuses. Pregnant women should obtain oral health knowledge and enhance their awareness. Dentists should adhere to the principle of "prevention before pregnancy, controlling symptoms during pregnancy, and treating diseases after pregnancy" for different pregnancy periods. They should also formulate appropriate treatment plans to control emergencies, prevent disease progression, and avoid harmful effects on pregnant women by using the safest, simplest, and most effective strategies that avoid adverse effects on fetuses. Pregnant women and dentists should combine prevention and treatment while collaborating in maintaining oral health during pregnancy. This article focuses on the principles of treatment during pregnancy, and the treatment timing, clinical management, and treatment strategies of different diseases causing oral emergencies during pregnancy are reviewed.

Role of teledentistry in enabling improved oral care outcomes.

Nowadays, the link between oral health and general health is clearly understood and supported by many global bodies, including the World Health Organisation. Yet, oral diseases remain prevalent worldwide, necessitating a practical approach. This opinion paper seeks to clarify the role of teledentistry as an adjunct for improving oral health when access to oral care services is one of the major concerns.While prevention is the best option, many people lack regular oral care access, missing vital maintenance for mouth and body health. Limited evidence-based education further hinders effective oral hygiene routines. This holds true for remote/rural populations, low socioeconomic groups and individuals with physical/mental disabilities which could make visiting a dental practice more difficult.We examined recent teledentistry publications, highlighting outcomes and suggesting evidence-backed oral health guidance via tailored teledentistry models. Two virtual roundtables were conducted with a global working group experienced in teledentistry and dental access barriers. This panel was made up of representatives from the UK, Belgium, Vietnam, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Ghana and Tunisia.We conclude that teledentistry effectively aids dental referrals, early disease detection, treatment planning, compliance and viability, particularly in regions with limited dental access. The advantage of teledentistry lies in expanding the reach of care. Telehealth and teledentistry are value-driven, yet larger, standardised research is needed to fully harness the potential of teledentistry in bridging underserved populations with oral care experts, ultimately fostering optimal oral health. Education on the capabilities and benefits of teledentistry should become part of the curriculum of future dental professionals and broadly leveraged on continuing education platforms.

Community pharmacists' perceptions on managing people with oral health problems-A prioritisation survey.

BACKGROUND: Alternative sources of oral health information are likely to be of benefit to the public, particularly where access to dental services is limited. There is evidence that community pharmacists are willing to advocate for oral health, but it is unclear what is needed to develop this role. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to obtain the views of community pharmacy staff on the frequency and type of oral health conditions they encounter challenges in management and training/research priorities. METHODS: An anonymous online survey targeted pharmacy staff and elicited quantitative data related to the types and frequencies of oral health conditions experienced. Participants were stratified by age, gender, ethnicity, experience and setting. Free text responses allowed participants to detail challenging aspects of patient management, their priorities for service development and future research. Reflexive thematic analysis of free text responses identified key themes. RESULTS: Oral/facial pain and swelling were seen weekly by most respondents, and daily by 28.8%. Other commonly presenting conditions were ulcers, dry-mouth, thrush and denture issues. Challenges in managing oral health conditions included: access to NHS dentistry, awareness of referral pathways, examination/diagnosis and understanding 'Red Flags'. CONCLUSION: Acute and chronic oral health conditions commonly present to community pharmacists who lack necessary knowledge/training, which may result in missing 'red flag' symptoms for oral cancer or acute facial swellings which can be life threatening. There is a need to support pharmacists, who are willing to act as oral health advocates, in recognition, prevention and onward referral for oral diseases.

Prevention of oral diseases for the older person (Part 1).

Older adults often experience poorer levels of oral health than younger adults, especially if they have become dependent on a third party to support their daily oral care routine. However, the deterioration of oral health does not need to be a part of the ageing process. Most oral diseases are largely preventable with the daily removal of dental plaque that forms on teeth and dentures, using a fluoride toothpaste, eating a healthy diet and reducing any tobacco consumption. The dental team have a duty of care to ensure that older people receive evidence-based oral health preventative advice tailored to the individual, taking into account individual risk factors that can increase with age. This can include the clinical application of topical fluoride and minimally invasive dentistry. Older people at an increased risk of poor oral health include those with cognitive conditions, physical impairments and certain medical conditions. Care home residents face particular barriers to attaining a satisfactory standard of oral care which are discussed herein. Good oral health preventative routines must be established early after the diagnosis of progressive chronic conditions and will help to prevent the need for dental intervention later in life when treatment can be more difficult to tolerate. Inclusion of oral health prevention within health policy and legislation is necessary to improve the oral health for older people living in all health and care settings.

Prevention of oral diseases for the older person (Part 2).

Older adults often experience poorer levels of oral health than younger adults, especially if they have become dependent on a third party to support their daily oral care routine. However, the deterioration of oral health does not need to be a part of the ageing process. Most oral diseases are largely preventable with the daily removal of dental plaque that forms on teeth and dentures, using a fluoride toothpaste, eating a healthy diet and reducing any tobacco consumption. The dental team have a duty of care to ensure that older people receive evidence-based oral health preventative advice tailored to the individual, taking into account individual risk factors that can increase with age. This can include the clinical application of topical fluoride and minimally invasive dentistry. Older people at an increased risk of poor oral health include those with cognitive conditions, physical impairments and certain medical conditions. Care home residents face particular barriers to attaining a satisfactory standard of oral care which are discussed herein. Good oral health preventative routines must be established early after the diagnosis of progressive chronic conditions and will help to prevent the need for dental intervention later in life when treatment can be more difficult to tolerate. Inclusion of oral health prevention within health policy and legislation is necessary to improve the oral health for older people living in all health and care settings.

Oral Health and Community Nursing: a Practical Guide to the Delivering Better Oral Health Toolkit for Adults.

Despite being largely preventable, oral diseases are the major contributor to chronic conditions nationally and globally. If left untreated, oral diseases have many harmful effects throughout life on our patients including pain and infection, and can lead to difficulties with eating, sleeping, socialising and wellbeing. Oral health inequalities exist across our population, and particularly affect vulnerable, disadvantaged and socially excluded groups in society. Oral health is a key indicator for overall health, and is inextricably interlinked with general health. Hence, existing health messages that community nursing teams provide contribute towards oral health. Community nurses are in an established position to provide and reinforce positive oral health messages to their patients, as well as signpost to available dental services. This paper aims to support community nurses with a practical resource for key evidence-based oral health preventative advice, and input into how their patients can access dental care.

Pesquisa, ensino e extensão experiência de um ano em modalidade híbrida para a formação acadêmica em Odontologia / Investigación, docencia y extensión: relato de experiencia de un año en modalidad híbrida para la formación académica en Odontología / Research, teaching and extension: a one-year experience report in a hybrid modality for dental academic training

O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar a experiência sobre o desenvolvimento de atividades relacionadas à pesquisa, ao ensino e à extensão durante um ano de modalidade híbrida de ensino, adotadas pelo curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Piauí. Nesse contexto, se discute o desenvolvimento de projetos de pesquisa e a participação no programa de monitoria acadêmica, adotando não só ferramentas digitais como também outras práticas de ensino permitidas pela modalidade híbrida. A participação em umaextensão universitária também ocupa lugar de destaque, demonstrando a aplicabilidade dos conhecimentos adquiridos pela discussão de assuntos voltados para a promoção e prevenção de doenças bucais, bem como a confecção de materiais onlinea serem disponibilizados para o público infantil durante o ano letivo 2020. O presente estudo destaca a importância da pesquisa, do ensino e da extensão em uma universidade pública no momento de enfrentamento à COVID-19, demostrando que é possível o seu desenvolvimento e sua aplicabilidade em uma realidade de ensino adaptada e contínua (AU).

El objetivo de este artículo es relatar la experiencia del desarrollo de actividades relacionadas con la investigación, la docencia y la extensión durante un año de enseñanza híbrida, adoptada por la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Estadual de Piauí. En este contexto, se discute el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación y la participación en el programa de seguimiento académico, adoptando no solo herramientas digitales sino también otras prácticas docentes que permite la modalidad híbrida. La participación en una extensión universitaria también ocupa un lugar destacado, demostrando la aplicabilidad de los conocimientos adquiridos a través de la discusión de temas relacionados con la promoción y prevención de enfermedades bucales, así como la elaboración de materiales en línea para ser puestos a disposición de los niños durante el año académico 2020. Este estudio destaca la importancia de la investigación, la docencia y la extensión en una universidad pública frente al COVID-19,demostrando que es posible su desarrollo y aplicabilidad en una realidad docente adaptada y continua (AU).

The aim of this paper is to report the experience on the development of activities related to Research, Teaching and Extension duringa year of hybrid teaching modality adopted by the Dentistry course at the State University of Piauí. In this context, the present work discusses the development of research projects and the participation in the university's academic monitoring program, adopting not only digital tools but also other teaching practices allowed by the hybrid modality. Participation in a university extension also occupies a prominent place, demonstrating the applicability of the knowledge acquired by the discussion of subjectsaimed at the promotion and prevention of oral diseases, as well as the production of online materials to be made available to children during the academic semesters 2020.1 and 2020.2. The present study highlights the importance of Research, Teaching and Extension in a public university in the current moment of facing COVID-19, demonstrating that its development and applicability in an adapted and continuous teaching reality is possible (AU).

Managing Oral Health in the Context of Antimicrobial Resistance.

The oral microbiome plays a major role in shaping oral health/disease state; thus, a main challenge for dental practitioners is to preserve or restore a balanced oral microbiome. Nonetheless, when pathogenic microorganisms install in the oral cavity and are incorporated into the oral biofilm, oral infections, such as gingivitis, dental caries, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis, can arise. Several prophylactic and treatment approaches are available nowadays, but most of them have been antibiotic-based. Given the actual context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antibiotic stewardship in dentistry would be a beneficial approach to optimize and avoid inappropriate or even unnecessary antibiotic use, representing a step towards precision medicine. Furthermore, the development of new effective treatment options to replace the need for antibiotics is being pursued, including the application of photodynamic therapy and the use of probiotics. In this review, we highlight the advances undergoing towards a better understanding of the oral microbiome and oral resistome. We also provide an updated overview of how dentists are adapting to better manage the treatment of oral infections given the problem of AMR.

Impact of care level, setting and accommodation costs on a newly developed oral care nursing plan format for elderly patients with care needs - Results from a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: A new oral care nursing plan format for improved communication among dentists, nursing staff and caregivers has been developed in Germany. We aimed to (1) describe this plan, (2) investigate the prevalence of oral health problems among elderly patients with care needs documented by the plan, outline the recommendations in the plans and (3) investigate whether the accommodation costs or care needs of patients influenced oral care quality or the need for oral hygiene support documented within the plan. METHODS: In this cross-sectional trial, oral care nursing plans were collected from outpatient and inpatient care clinics. Items on the oral care nursing plan were divided into three areas (oral health, oral hygiene needs, and coordination needs and dental therapy) and were correlated with the care level and accommodation costs. RESULTS: Oral care nursing plans were collected from seven dentists (N = 747; 94.5% from inpatient and 5.5% from outpatient care). The plans enabled documentation of well-known oral health and hygiene problems among elderly patients. In their current form, the plans provided recommendations for obvious oral hygiene tasks such as toothbrushing or fluoridating, rather than specialized tasks such as nutritional advice or dry mouth asymptomatic therapeutic approaches. Although accommodation costs were associated with the need for oral hygiene support (not with oral care condition), the care level influenced both measures. CONCLUSIONS: The oral care nursing plan can facilitate documentation of oral health and hygiene among elderly individuals with care needs. Further clarification of the plan would help promote careful documentation by dentists.

Efficacy of medicinal plant extracts as dental and periodontal antibiofilm agents: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The presence of biofilm in oral cavity is associated with dental plaque and related diseases, including gingivitis, periodontitis and inflammatory responses. Some medicinal plants traditionally used for biofilm-associated pathologies such as Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Punica granatum L. and Lippia sidoides Cham. are currently incorporated into dosage forms as antiplaque agents. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To present the current application of medicinal plant extracts associated in drug dosages to control microbial biofilms, with emphasis on those present in the oral cavity, especially to treat dental plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A PRISMA-compliant systematic search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. After the abstract and full-text analysis, the Cochrane Collaboration's tools for clinical studies was applied to assess the methodological quality of randomized clinical trials. RESULTS: Of 964 potentially eligible studies, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Camellia sinensis was the most commonly used species (8 studies), with positive results in reducing both the PI and GI in the form of mouthwash, toothpaste and gel. The Melaleuca alternifolia oil (5 studies) demonstrated low reduction in PI but important effects on GI scores. Azadirachta indica (4 studies) extracts presented efficacy similar to CHX to improve the periodontal parameters, including PI and GI. Ricinus communis oil (3 studies), despite reducing microbiological counts and GI, did not prove to be better than the hypochlorite solution, used as an alternative treatment for dentures. The main bioactive compounds described for the plant species are polyphenols, essential oils and alkaloids, most of them with identified antibiofilm activities. CONCLUSIONS: These active species could lead to future development of safer and newer treatments for oral biofilm-associated infections. However, more studies are needed to further understand the clinical relevance of their application.

Pharmacokinetic variables of medium molecular weight cross linked chitosan nanoparticles to enhance the bioavailability of 5-fluorouracil and reduce the acute oral toxicity.

To prepare glutaraldehyde-based cross-linked medium molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), to overcome dosing frequency as well as reducing acute oral toxicity and poor bioavailability of the drug. Medium molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles (MMWCH-NPs) were prepared by reverse micelles method based on glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking and optimized by the process as well as formulation variables like a various drug to polymer ratio, cross-linker volumes, varying stirring speeds (rpm), different time of rotation/stirring, respectively and their effects on the mean particles size distribution and entrapment efficiency %EE and %LC of NPs. Characterization of formulations was done by FTIR studies, TEM, PXRD, TGA, Stability, and dissolution drug release studies were performed by dialysis bag technique at both pH (1.2 & 7.4) and acute oral toxicity studies in albino rabbits. The formulated nanoparticles showed a smooth morphology with smaller particle size distribution (230-550 nm), zeta potential (-15 to -18 mV) required to achieve enhanced permeation and retention effect (EPR), entrapment efficiency (%EE 12-59%). These NPs exhibited a controlled drug release profile with 84.36% of the drug over a period of 24 h. Drug release data were fitted to different kinetic models which predominantly followed Fickian diffusion mechanism (R2 = 0.972-0.976, N = 0.326-0.256). The optimized formulation (5-FU6) was observed under DSC/TGA, TEM. PXRD curves, FTIR, which confirmed thermal stability, structural integrity, amorphous state, compatibility between drug and polymer of optimized (5-FU6) as well as reduced acute oral toxicity in albino rabbits. Cross-linked medium molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles are nontoxic, well-tolerated therefore could be the future candidate for therapeutic effects as novel drug delivery carrier for anticancer drug(s).

Pregnant women's perspectives on integrating preventive oral health in prenatal care.

BACKGROUND: Oral diseases are considered a silent epidemic including among pregnant women. Given the prevalence of oral conditions among pregnant women and the reported association with adverse pregnancy outcomes, there have been suggestions for the inclusion of preventive oral care in routine prenatal care. However, due to the different administrative and funding structure for oral health and prenatal care in Canada, progress towards this integration has been slow. Our study sought to qualitatively explore the views of pregnant women in British Columbia (BC) on the strategies for integrating preventive oral health care into prenatal care services. METHODS: A qualitative approach was utilized involving semi-structured interviews with fourteen (14) purposefully selected pregnant women in Vancouver and Surrey, BC. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Study validity was ensured via memoing, field-notes, and member checking. RESULTS: Interviews ranged from 28 to 65 min producing over 140 pages of transcripts. Analysis resulted in three major themes: oral health experiences during pregnancy, perspectives on integration and integrated prenatal oral care, and strategies for addressing prenatal oral health care. A majority of participants were supportive of integrating preventive oral care in routine prenatal services, with referrals identified as a critical strategy. Oral health education was recognized as important before, during, and after pregnancy; oral health assessments should therefore be included in the prenatal care checklist. Limited funding was acknowledged as a barrier to oral health care access, which may explain why few participants visited their dentists during pregnancy. Interprofessional education surfaced as a bridge to provide prenatal oral health education. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women interviewed in this study support the inclusion of educational and preventive oral care during prenatal care, although their views differed on how such inclusion can be achieved in BC. They advocated the establishment of a referral system as an acceptable strategy for providing integrated prenatal oral health care.

The effect of comprehensive oral care program on oral health and quality of life in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A quasi-experimental case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the comprehensive oral care program on oral health status and symptoms in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group in non-synchronized design. All participants including control and experimental group were asked for the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire H&N35 (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) and given an oral health education 4 times at baseline, immediate postradiotherapy, 3 months after radiotherapy, and 6 months after radiotherapy. In each visit except for final, the experimental group was given fluoride varnish application and fluoride mouth rinsing solution for daily use. Oral health examination for dental caries, plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), and salivary flow rate was performed in baseline and 6 months after radiotherapy. Statistical analyses were done by paired t-tests and mixed ANCOVA repeated-measures analysis. RESULTS: From November 1, 2013 to October 31, 2015, a total 61 patients undergoing radiotherapy for HNC cancer were enrolled (30 in control and 31 in experimental groups). Decrease in salivary flow rate was comparable between 2 groups. Dental caries increased in control group (P = .006); PS and BOP were decreased in experimental group (P < .001 and .004, respectively). Experimental group showed lower swallowing, speech problems, and less sexuality scores in EORTC QLQ-H&N35 than control group. CONCLUSION: We found improvement in oral health and the quality of life in HNC patients with comprehensive oral care intervention by dental professionals. Communicating and cooperating between the healthcare and dental professionals is needed to raise the quality of health care services for HNC patients receiving radiotherapy.

Manifestaciones orales y dentales del maltrato infantil / Oral and dental manifestations of child abuse

INTRODUCCIÓN: el objetivo de este estudio es revisar las manifestaciones orales y dentales del maltrato infantil. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio de revisión sistemática siguiendo directrices PRISMA. Se realizaron dos estrategias de búsqueda con términos MeSH en la base de datos Medline/PubMed desde el 1/1/2000 hasta el 31/12/2019. RESULTADOS: 26 artículos fueron incluidos. El 65,4% se publicaron en revistas de Odontología y el 16% en las de Pediatría. Todas las lesiones orales y dentales por abuso físico son sospechosas, pero ninguna patognomónica. Deben distinguirse de las accidentales, comunes en la edad pediátrica. Para ello, es necesario observar la existencia de indicadores físicos de especial sospecha. Todas las enfermedades orales y dentales por negligencia son sugerentes, pero ninguna patognomónica. Por ello, es necesario observar si existen factores considerados como necesarios para establecer el diagnóstico de negligencia dental, problemas de salud derivados de una negligencia crónica, y otros indicadores de abuso físico o sexual. Las infecciones orales por Neisseria gonorrhoeae y Treponema pallidum son patognomónicas de abuso sexual. Todas las demás lesiones y enfermedades orales son sospechosas o sugerentes. CONCLUSIONES: las lesiones y enfermedades por abusos y negligencia infantil se manifiestan con frecuencia en la región oral e intraoral. Es fundamental que los pediatras y los odontólogos tengan conciencia del problema, estén formados en su detección, y conozcan cuándo y cómo documentar y notificar. Tales esfuerzos, así como el trabajo en común de dichos profesionales, fortalecerán la capacidad de prevenir y detectar el maltrato infantil y mejorar la capacidad de cuidar y proteger a los niños

INTRODUCTION: the objective of the study was to review the oral and dental manifestations of child abuse. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we performed a systematic review study following the PRISMA guidelines. We performed 2 searches using MeSH terms in the Medline/PubMed database for the period ranging from 1/1/2000 to 12/31/2019. RESULTS: the review included 26 articles, of which 65.4% were published in dental journals and 16% in paediatric journals. All oral and dental injuries caused by physical abuse raise suspicion, but none are pathognomonic. They must be distinguished from unintentional injuries, which are common in the paediatric population. To do so, the presence of physical signs considered strong warning signs must be assessed. All oral and dental diseases resulting from neglect are suggestive but not confirmatory of neglect. Therefore, it is necessary to assess whether there are factors considered necessary to diagnose dental neglect, such as other health problems arising from chronic neglect or other indicators of physical and/or sexual abuse. Oral infections by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Treponema pallidum are pathognomonic for sexual abuse. All other oral injuries and diseases are considered suspicious or suggestive. CONCLUSIONS: injuries and diseases resulting from child abuse or neglect frequently manifest the oral and intraoral regions. It is essential that paediatricians and dentists be aware of the problem, trained in its detection, and knowledgeable of when and how to document and notify suspected cases. These efforts, as well as the overall work of these professionals, will increase our ability to prevent and detect child maltreatment and to protect and care for children

El deber de actuar por la salud bucal y la felicidad / The commitment to act for oral health and happiness

La salud bucal y la felicidad requieren acción social. El buen estado de salud es uno de los principales determinantes de la felicidad, pues produce alegría y se expresa habitualmente a través de la sonrisa o risa que pudieran resultar inhibidas por afecciones bucales. La campaña "Unidos por la salud bucal", impulsada por la Federación Dental Internacional a nivel mundial, hace un llamado a decisores, profesionales y a la población para que asuman compromisos orientados a reducir la carga global de las enfermedades bucales. El establecimiento de compromisos y las acciones consecuentes pueden contribuir a mejoras en la salud bucal, aunque para ello es necesario establecer acciones sistemáticas. En el contexto cubano, es una fortaleza que la estrategia de la estomatología sea nacional y tenga un enfoque de salud pública, si bien se hace necesario reforzar el seguimiento y evaluación del impacto de las acciones, estimular la creatividad, la comunicación dialogada y revisar cuáles compromisos deben ser consolidados para contribuir a la salud bucal y, por consiguiente, a la felicidad(AU)

Oral health and happiness require social action. The good health is one of the main determinants of happiness, since it produces joy and is usually expressed through a smile or laughter that could be inhibited by oral conditions. The International Dental Federation's "United for Oral Health" Campaign in 2020 aims to make commitments for decision-makers, professionals and the population to reduce the global burden of oral diseases. Establishing commitments and consequent actions can contribute to improvements in oral health, making it necessary to establish systematic actions. In the Cuban context, it is a strength that the stomatology strategy is national and has a public health focus, although it is necessary to reinforce the monitoring and evaluation of the impact of the actions, stimulate creativity, dialogue communication, and review which commitments they must be consolidated to contribute to oral health and therefore to happiness."(AU)

Oro-facial opportunistic infections and related pathologies in HIV patients: A comprehensive review.

Among all the viral infections, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is considered as one of the most morbid infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The prime reason for the pathogenesis is the profound immunosuppression that leads to lethal opportunistic infections (OI), neurological disorders, unexpected malignancies and pathologies of the orofacial region. Patients with OI whose HIV status is unknown have shown a mortality rate higher than those with known HIV status. Among HIV-associated infections, orofacial lesions contribute a major proportion of the OI attributed to the plethora of micro-organisms present in the oral cavity. Apart from serious clinical manifestations, opportunistic infections also lead to significant impairment of quality of life. These lesions not only indicate the HIV infection but also among the clinical manifestations, which often occur early in the course of disease. World Health Organization has also provided policies for treatment/prevention of oral lesions, strengthening the promotion and care of oral health in HIV/AIDS patients. The present review provides comprehensive information about orofacial OI in HIV/AIDS patients and emphasis was also given to the malignancies associated with EB and HTLV virus.

Atendimento odontológico em pacientes com covid-19 em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva / Dental care in patients with covid-19 in Intensive Care Units

Este manual é uma produção científica da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde, com área de Concentração em Terapia Intensiva Adulto, da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Maranhão. O principal objetivo é orientar a equipe multiprofissional acerca dos cuidados necessários com a saúde bucal dos pacientes em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, e discorrer sobre o Atendimento Odontológico em UTI em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19.